इस लेख में हम Passive Voice के बारे में विस्तार रूप से जानेंगे। Passive Voice in Hindi , English Grammar का बहुत महत्वपूर्ण topic है। बिना Passive Voice के जाने आप अंग्रेजी सही से नहीं बोल पायेंगे। निचे दिए गए Passive Voice in Hindi के बारे में सभी महत्वपूर्ण topics cover किये गए हैं, इन्हे आप ध्यान पूर्णक पढ़े और समझे।
Voice : Verb का वह Form (रूप) जो यह बतलाता है की Subject (कर्ता) स्वयं कुछ करता है अथवा Subject किसी के द्वारा किये गए कार्य का परिणाम भोगता है, Voice कहलाता है। अर्थात Subject सामान्यतः किसी कार्य के लिए Directly responsible होता है।
Voice की दृष्टि से क्रियाएँ प्रकार की होती है -
1. Active Voice (कर्तृ वाच्य)
2. Passive Voice (कर्म वाच्य)
1. Active Voice : A Verb is said to be in the Active Voice when the person or thing denoted by the Subject acts.
किसी Verb को Active Voice में कहा जाता है, जब कोई व्यक्ति या वस्तु Subject के रूप मे काम करता है। जैसे -
1. I write a letter. (मै पत्र लिखता हूँ।)
2. He writes a letter for his mother. (वह अपनी माँ के लिए एक पत्र लिखता है।)
3. They do not complete their work. (वह अपना काम पूरा नहीं करते हैं।)
4. You are not going Delhi. (तुम दिल्ली नहीं जा रहे हो।)
5. We go to school daily. (हमलोग प्रतिदिन स्कूल जाते हैं।)
Passive Voice in Hindi
Definition - A Verb is said to be in the Passive Voice when the person or thing denoted by the subject does not act, but suffers the action done by something/someone.
परिभाषा - किसी Verb को Passive Voice में कहा जाता है, जब कोई व्यक्ति या वस्तु Subject के रूप में कार्य नहीं करता है बल्कि किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के द्वारा किये गए कार्य का परिणाम को भोगता है।
Examples -
(i) Mohan beats Ram. (Active Voice)
मोहन राम को पीटता है।
Ram is beaten by Mohan. (Passive Voice)
मोहन द्वारा राम को पीटा जाता है।
(ii) He reads a book. (Active Voice)
वह किताब पढता है।
A book is read by him. (Passive Voice)
उसके द्वारा एक किताब पढ़ी जाती है।
(iii) . I write a letter. (Active voice)
मै पत्र लिखता हूँ।
A letter is written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा पत्र लिखा जाता है।
Active Voice के उपयुक्त दोनों उदाहरणों को पढ़कर ज्ञात होता है कि Subject स्वयं कुछ कार्य करता है। अर्थात कर्ता को प्रधानता दी जाती है। जबकि - Passive voice में Object (कर्म) को प्रधानता दी जाती है।
Read also :
Passive Voice Helping Verb Rules Chart
Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलते सबसे पहले sentence का Helping Verb बदला जाता है।
निचे दिए गए chart को देखकर आप आसानी से समझ जायेंगे की Active से Passive Voice में कैसे बदला जाता है।
Active | Passive |
Do/Does | is/ are/ am + (V) IIIrd Form |
is/are/am | is/are/am + being + (V) IIIrd Form |
has/have | has been/have been + (V) IIIrd Form |
Did | was/ were + (V) IIIrd Form |
Was/were | was/were + being + (V) IIIrd Form |
Had | Had been + (V) IIIrd Form |
Shall/will | shall be/will be + (V) IIIrd Form |
Shall have/will have | shall /will + have + been + (V) IIIrd Form |
Passive Voice Rules in Hindi
नोट - Active voice में 12 और Passive voice में केवल 8 Tense होते हैं। Present Continuous, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous और Future Continuous Tense की Passive voice नहीं बनती है।
1. Active से Passive बनाते समय (Present Indefinite में) निम्नलिखित नियमों का ध्यान रखें -
- Subject को Object बना दें और इसके पहले 'by' का प्रयोग करें।
- Object को Subject बना दें।
- Verb के पहले एक Verb 'to be' (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) का प्रयोग Subject के Number और Verb के Tense के अनुसार बना दें।
- Verb की 3rd form (Past Participle) का प्रयोग करें। इस प्रकार, वाक्य की बनावट इस प्रकार होगी -
Subject + Verb 'to be' + Past Participle + by + Object.
Active - He + sings + a song
↓ ↓ ↓
(subject) (verb) (object)
= Subject + Verb + Object (S.V.O)
Passive - A song + is sung + by him.
A song - Subject के स्थान पर
is sung - Helping verb + Verb's 3rd form
by him - Object के रूप में
= Object + Helping Verb + 3rd form
ध्यान दें - Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलते समय Active Voice के Object के Passive Voice में Subject बना देतें हैं तथा Active voice के subject को Passive Voice का by लगाने के बाद Object बना देतें हैं।
Change in Pronoun in Passive Voice
Active Voice में Subject के स्थान पर आये हुए Pronoun | Passive Voice में Object के स्थान पर परिवर्तित Pronoun |
I | Me |
We | Us |
You | You |
He | Him |
She | Her |
They | Them |
Passive Voice Examples in Hindi
1. I write a letter. (Active voice)
मै पत्र लिखता हूँ।
A letter is written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा पत्र लिखा जाता है।
2. She cooks food. (Active voice)
वह खाना बनाती है।
Food is cooked by her. (Passive voice)
उसके द्वारा खाना बनाया जाता है।
3. Children like sweets. (Active voice)
बच्चे मीठा पसन्द करते हैं।
Sweets are liked by children. (Passive voice)
मीठा बच्चो द्वारा पसन्द किया जाता है। Or
मीठा बच्चो को बहुत पसंद होता है।
4. We respect him. (Active voice)
हम उसका सम्मान करते हैं।
He is Respected. (Passive voice)
उसका सम्मान किया जाता है।
Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम - Rules of Passive Voice
Step 1. सबसे पहले वाक्य के Tense को पहचाने की यह वाक्य किस Tense में दिया गया है।
Step 2. Active Voice के sentences के object या Active Object को Passive Voice में Subject की जगह लिखें।
Step 3. Tense तथा Passive Subject के Number तथा Person के मुताबिक Auxiliary Verb का प्रयोग करें।
Step 4. Main Verb का Past participle form लिखें। अर्थात Main Verb (Third Form) का प्रयोग करें।
Step 5. by Preposition का प्रयोग करें।
Note :- जरुरत के मुताबिक by Preposition का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है, नहीं भी किया जा सकता है। by अलावे दूसरे Preposition at, to with आदि प्रयोग जरुरत के मुताबिक किया जा सकता है।
Step 6. Active के sentences के Subject अर्थात Active Subject को Passive Voice में Object की जगह लिखें।
Note :- Passive Object के रूप में one, someone, nobody, people, somebody, no one, police, public, us, them आदि का प्रयोग नहीं होता है। लेकिन sentences का स्पष्ट न हो, तो उपरोक्त Passive Object का प्रयोग किया भी जा सकता है। ऊपर दिए गए Noun/Pronouns का प्रयोग किये बगैर sentences का अर्थ स्पष्ट हो जाता है इसलिए इनका प्रयोग नहीं होता है।
Note :- यदि किसी वाक्य में someone, everyone, anyone का प्रयोग कर्ता के स्थान पर हुआ है तो उसे Passive voice बनाने में इनको हटा दिया जाता है। जैसे -
Active voice : Someone helped me.
Passive voice : I was helped.
Active voice : Everybody satisfied him.
Passive voice : He was satisfied.
Active voice : Nobody can lift this box.
Passive voice : This box can not be lifted.
Active voice : The police arrested the thief.
Passive voice : The thief was arrested.
Active voice : No one can see the wind.
Passive voice : The wind can not be seen.
(इस वाक्यों में by का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।)
Present Indefinite Tense Passive Voice
Present Indefinite Tense में कुछ वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है -
(a) I am to help him. (Active voice)
He is to be helped by me. (Passive voice)
(b) I can help him. (Active voice)
He can be helped by me. (Passive voice)
(c) I must help him. (Active voice)
He must be helped by me. (Passive voice)
Important - कुछ Verb के बाद Passive voice में 'by' का प्रयोग नहीं होता ; उनमे by के बदले किसी दूसरे उपर्युक्त Preposition का प्रयोग होता है, जैसे -
1. He satisfied everybody. (Active voice)
Everybody was satisfied with him. (Passive voice)
2. He knows me. (Active voice)
I am known to him (Passive voice)
3. Her conduct shocked me. (Active voice)
I was shocked at her conduct. (Passive voice)
4. His reply surprised me. (Active voice)
I was surprised at his reply. (Passive voice)
5. This book has greatly interested me. (Active voice)
I have been greatly interested in this book. (Passive voice)
इन वाक्यों में क्रमशः with, to, at, in का प्रयोग हुआ है जो Preposition है।
Passive Voice Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense में सहायक क्रिया is, am, are (कर्ता के अनुसार) के साथ being लगाकर क्रिया की Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे -
1. I am writing a letter. (Active voice)
मै पत्र लिख रहा हूँ।
A letter is being written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा पत्र लिखा जा रहा है।
2. You are writing a letter. (Active voice)
तुम पत्र लिख रहे हो।
A letter is being written by you. (Passive voice)
आपके द्वारा पत्र लिखा जा रहा है।
3. She is washing the clothes. (Active voice)
वह कपड़ा धो रही है।
The clothes are being washed by her. (Passive voice)
उसके द्वारा कपड़ा धोया जा रहा है।
Present Perfect Tense Passive Voice in Hindi
Present Perfect Tense से have या has (कर्त्ता के अनुसार) के साथ been लगाकर क्रिया की Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे -
I have written a letter. (Active voice)
मैने एक पत्र लिखा है
A letter has been written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा गया है।
They have helped me. (Active voice)
उन्होंने मेरी मदद की है।
I have been helped by them. (Passive voice)
मुझे उनसे मदद मिली है।
Past Indefinite Tense Passive Voice in Hindi
Past Indefinite Tense में कर्ता के अनुसार was या were के साथ Verb की Past Participle (Third Form) का प्रयोग किया जाता है , जैसे -
I wrote a letter. (Active voice)
मैंने एक पत्र लिखा
A letter was written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा गया था।
They helped me. (Active voice)
उन्होंने मेरी मदद की ।
I was helped by them. (Passive Voice)
मुझे उनसे मदद मिली थी।
She washed the clothes. (Passive voice)
उसने कपड़े धोए।
The clothes were washed by her. (Active voice)
कपड़े उसके द्वारा दिए गए थे।
Past Continuous Tense Passive Voice in Hindi
Past continuous tense में Helping Verb was/were के साथ being लगाकर Verb की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे -
I was writing a love story. (Active voice)
मैं एक प्रेम कथा लिख रहा था।
A love story was being written by me. (Passive voice)
एक प्रेम कहानी मेरे द्वारा लिखी जा रही थी।
She was cooking food. (Active voice)
वह खाना बना रही थी।
Food was being cooked by her. (Passive voice)
खाना उसके द्वारा बनाया जा रहा था।
Past Perfect Tense Passive Voice in Hindi
Past perfect tense में प्रत्येक कर्ता के साथ सहायक क्रिया had के साथ been लगाकर क्रिया की (V) IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है , जैसे -
1. I had written a book. (Active voice)
मैंने एक किताब लिखी थी।
A book had been written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा एक किताब लिखी गई थी।
2. They had helped me. (Active voice)
उन्होंने मेरी मदद की थी
I had been helped by them. (Passive voice)
मुझे उनके द्वारा मदद मिली थी।
Future Indefinite Tense Passive Voice in Hindi
Future indefinite tense में प्रत्येक कर्ता के साथ सहायक क्रिया will या shall के साथ be लगाकर क्रिया की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है , जैसे -
1. He will write a application. (Active voice)
वह एक आवेदन पत्र लिखेगा।
A application will be written by him. (Passive voice)
उसके द्वारा एक आवेदन पत्र लिखा जाएगा।
2. I shall write a letter. (Active voice)
वह एक पत्र लिखेगा।
A letter shall be written by me. (Passive voice)
उसके द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा जाएगा।
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense में सहायक क्रिया will have/shall have (कर्ता के अनुसार) के साथ been लगाकर क्रिया की Third Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है , जैसे -
1. I shall have written a letter. (Active voice)
मैंने एक पत्र लिखा होगा।
A letter shall have been written by me. (Passive voice)
मेरे द्वारा एक पत्र लिखा जा चूका था।
2. The peon will have rung the bell. (Active voice)
चपरासी ने घण्टी बजा दी होगी।
The bell will have been rung by the peon. (Passive voice)
घण्टी चपरासी ने बजाई होगी।
नोट - निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़े -
Neha gave me a book. (Active voice)
I was given a book by Neha. Or (Passive voice)
A book was given to me by Neha. Or
A book was given me by Neha.
Important - Neha gave me a book में दो Object हैं me (Indirect Object) तथा a book (direct object) अतः इस वाक्य की Passive Voice दो प्रकार से बनायी गयी है।
आधुनिक अंग्रेजी में Passive Voice के बनाए गए उपर्युक्त वाक्य श्रेष्ट होने के कारण अधिक प्रचलन में है -
1. The teacher made him monitor of the class. (Active voice)
He was made monitor of the class by the teacher. (Passive voice)
2. I named my son Rohan. (Active voice)
My son was named Rohan by me. (Passive voice)
| उपयुक्त वाक्यों में रेखांकित शब्द Object (कर्म) हैं और उनके आगे लिखे शब्द Complements (पूरक) हैं। ध्यान रहे की Passive Voice केवल Object (कर्म) को ही लेकर बनायीं जाती हैं। Make, call, think, name, elect, consider, find, select, choose आदि क्रियाएं Object तथा Complement दोनों ही लेती हैं। |
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें -
1. The story is told.
2. The lion was killed.
3. The enemy was defeated.
4. The ten rupee note was lost.
5. The thief was caught.
6. The doctor is called.
7. The room is not kept clean.
ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में कर्ता स्पष्ट है और कार्य को ही अधिक प्रधानता दी गई है। इसलिए ऐसे वाक्यों की Passive Voice में by + Agent का प्रयोग नहीं करते हैं। |
From Active to Passive Voice Chart
Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
Active Present Passive | I write a letter. | I am writing a letter. | I have written a letter. | I have been writing a letter since morning |
A letter is written by me. | A letter is being written by me. | A letter has been written by me. | ❌ | |
Active
Past Passive | I wrote a letter. | I was writing a letter. | I had written a letter. | I had been writing a letter since morning. |
A letter was written by me. | A letter was being written by me. | A letter had been written by me. | ❌ | |
Active Future Passive | I shall write a letter. | I shall be writing a letter. | I shall have written a letter. | I shall have been writing a letter since morning. |
A letter will be written by me. | ❌ | A letter will have been written by me. | ❌ |
Passive Voice Interrogative Sentences with Auxiliary Verb
Interrogative Sentences के Auxiliary Verb/ Model Verb का परिवर्तन इस प्रकार करें -
I. do/does = is/are/am + (V) Third Form
II. did = was/were + (V) Third Form
III. has/have = has been/have been + (V) Third Form
IV. had = had been + (V) Third Form
V. Other Auxiliary Verb = Auxiliary Verb + be + Past Participle
इन वाक्यों ध्यान पूर्वक पढ़ें -
1. Do you like him ?
Is he liked by you ?
2. Does need some water ?
Is she need some water ?
3. Did he kill the snake ?
Was the snake killed by him ?
4. Will he write a letter ?
Will a letter be written by him ?
5. Have you written a book ?
Have a book been written by him ?
Read also :
Passive Voice Rules For Interrogative Sentences
Wh- Words/ Interrogative words : what, when, why, who, how, where, which,........को wh- words/ Interrogative words कहते हैं।
Rule 1. Auxiliary Verbs से शुरू होने वाले Interrogative sentences या Yes-No questions को Passive voice में निचे दिए गए steps को follow कर बदलें।
1. दिए गए sentence का tense पता करें।
2. दिए गए sentence का subject, helping verb, main verb तथा object पता करें।
3. उसके बाद Passive voice का helping verb Passive object के अनुसार लिखें।
4. उसके बाद Passive subject लिखते हैं।
5. Main Verb का 3rd Form लिखते हैं।
6. Main Verb के बाद by का प्रयोग करते हैं।
7. by के बाद Passive Object लिखते हैं।
8. Sentence के अंत में Question mark (?) प्रयोग करें।
Structure - Helping verb + Passive subject + (V) 3rd Form + by +Passive object + Question mark.
1. Does he write a letter ? (Active)
Is a letter written by him ? (Passive)
2. Was the doctor examining the patients ?
Were the patients were being examining by the doctor ?
3. Did he buy a book ?
Was a book bought by him ?
4. Have you cheated me ?
Have I been cheated by you ?
5. Should the doctor examine her ?
Should she be examined by the doctor ?
6. Will nobody help the poor ?
Will the poor not be helped ?
7. Do machines make these utensils ?
Are these utensils made by machine ?
8. Have you to paint the door ?
Has the box to be painted by you ?
9. Is she to write a book ?
Is a book to be written by her ?
10. Are the children eating sweets now ?
Are sweets being eaten by children now ?
Passive Voice Interrogative Sentences में 'who' आता है। ऐसे वाक्य Passive Voice में इस प्रकार बदले जाते हैं। जैसे -
(i) By whom + Verb 'be' + Subject + Past Participle
(ii) Who + Verb 'be' +Subject + Past Participle + by
निम्नलखित वाक्यों को देखें -
1. Who gave you the pen ? (Active)
By whom was the pen given to you. (Passive)
Who was the pen given to you by ?
2. Who can save us ? (Active)
By whom can we be saved ? (Passive)
By who can we be saved ?
Note :- आजकल 'by whom' का प्रयोग लगभग नहीं होता है। इसलिए who......by का ही प्रयोग करना चाहिए।
Passive Voice Interrogative : Indirect Question
कुछ Interrogative sentences की बनावट Indirect Narration में इस प्रकार होती है -
Subject + ask + Object + if/whether + Clause. Or
Subject + ask + Object + Question Word + Clause.
इनका Passive Voice इस प्रकार बनता है -
1. Reporting Verb (ask) के Object को Subject बना दें।
2. Reporting Verb के पहले Verb 'be' + Past Participle का प्रयोग करें। जैसे -
Examples -
I asked Radha if she was ill. (Active)
Radha was asked if she was ill. (Passive)
He asked me when I would return. (Active)
I was asked when I would return. (Passive)
Passive Voice of Imperative Sentences
(A) Imperative Sentences सलाह, आज्ञा, निवेदन, आदेश परामर्श आदि का बोध कराता है। जिस sentence से advice, obey, request, command, suggestion का बोध होता है उसे Imperative Sentences कहते हैं।
Rule . ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलते समय should be + Past Participle का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे -
Examples -
1. Love your country. (Active)
Your country should be loved. (Passive)
2. Help your friends.
Your friends should be helped.
इनका परिवर्तन let द्वारा भी हो सकता है ; जैसे -
3. Love your country.
Let your country be loved.
4. Let her help the poor.
Let the poor helped by her.
5. Let me do this work.
Let this work done by me.
Imperatives - Order/Command
कुछ Imperative Sentences में order या command का बोध होता है उन्हें Passive Voice में इस प्रकार बदलें।
Rule -
1. वाक्य में अपनी ओर से let का प्रयोग करें और उसे वाक्य के आरम्भ में रखें।
2. वाक्य में be + Past Participle का प्रयोग करें, is/are आदि का नहीं। इन वाक्यों को देखें -
(i) Bring a glass of water. (Active)
(ii) Let a glass of water be brought. (Passive)
(iii) Turn him out. (Active)
(iv) Let him be turned out. (Passive)
(Let + object + be + 3rd form)
Note - ऐसे वाक्यों में 'by you' का प्रयोग नहीं करना चाहिए।
Imperatives : Indirect command/Request
कुछ Imperative Sentences की बनावट Indirect Narration में इस प्रकार की जाती है -
[ Subject + ask/tell/request + Object + Infinitive]
Rule -
(i) Reporting verb के Object को Subject बना दें।
(ii) Infinitive तथा इससे जुड़े हुए शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों रख दें।
(iii) Reporting verb के पहले Verb 'be' + Past Participle का प्रयोग करें।
Examples -
1. I asked/told Mohan to make tea. (Active)
Mohan was asked to make a tea. (Passive)
2. He requested her to lend him her book. (Active)
She was requested to lend him her book. (Passive)
Use of Passive Voice in Hindi
Rule 1. Subject का नहीं पता होने पर Passive Voice का प्रयोग होता है।
जैसे -
1. The girl was failed in the examination.
2. The chair was sent there.
Rule 2. Object को emphasis (जोर डालना) करने के लिए Passive Voice का प्रयोग होता है।
Examples -
1. The dog was killed by him.
2. This book is written by Mr. A. K. Thakur.
Rule 3. Sentence को polite बनाने के लिए Passive Voice का प्रयोग होता है। इस Case में by + Passive Voice का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
Examples -
1. Many students have been passed.
2. It is said that the court will punish the criminal.
Rule 4. जब Subject सबको पता होता है, तो Passive Voice का प्रयोग होता है।
Examples -
1. Hindi is spoken all over the world.
2. Telephone was invented in 1876.
Rule 5. विज्ञानं और तकनीकी विषयों में भी Passive Voice का प्रयोग होता है। सामान्यतः by + Passive Object का प्रयोग नहीं है, क्योंकि Object का कोई महत्व नहीं होता है।
Examples -
1. Wheat is grown in Punjab.
2. Methane gas is produced when sodium acetate and soda lime are combined.
Passive Voice Exercises
1. He helps the poor.
2. Veena does not sing a song.
3. I know her.
4. Who teaches you physics.
5. We expect good news.
6. Roohi is looking for dinner.
7. The girls are learning their lessons.
8. The students are writing letters to their parents.
9. The gardener is plucking flower.
10. Mukesh is driving a motorcar.
11. He has read the book.
12. The servant has done his duty.
13. Someone has stolen her goat.
14. Bhavna has broken this glass.
15. Have you ever seen a tiger ?
16. He stole her purse.
17. Sudhir employed the ten men.
18. Did he not make a noise ?
19. He replied to all this questions
20. The postman had delivered the letter
Passive Voice Exercises With Answers
Exercises - 2
1. They were being repairing the road.
2. Someday was built the bridge last year.
3. The Taj Mahal was built hundreds of year of ago.
4. The old building has pulled down by them.
5. The work will be being completed by him in a fortnight.
6. A very remarkable discovery was made of him.
7. Were you appealed by him.
8. It is time for the shop to close.
9. You are requested to be closed the door.
10. Let the doctor be send for.
Answer
1. They were repairing the road.
2. Somebody built the bridge last year.
3. The Taj Mahal built hundreds of year of ago.
4. The old building has been pulled down by them.
5. The work will be completed by him in a fortnight.
6. A very remarkable discovery was made by him.
7. Were you appealed to by him ?
8. It is time for the shop to be close.
9. You are requested to closed the door.
10. Let the doctor be sent for.
Related Post :
Demonstrative Pronoun in Hindi
Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
Present Perfect Tense in Hindi
Infinitive and Gerund in Hindi
0 टिप्पणियाँ